Glossary · Definition · v2026.3
Cryopreservation in IVF
Cryopreservation is the controlled freezing and long-term storage of biological material at ultra-low temperatures using vitrification. Modern techniques achieve survival rates above 95 percent for embryos.
How Cryopreservation Works
Vitrification is an ultra-rapid freezing technique that prevents ice crystal formation within cells. Embryos, oocytes, and sperm can all be vitrified. Embryo vitrification has become the foundation of modern IVF practice, enabling freeze-all strategies, genetic testing, and multi-cycle planning from a single retrieval. Storage occurs in liquid nitrogen at minus 196 degrees Celsius.
Biological Constraints
Vitrification survival rates for embryos exceed 95 percent in experienced laboratories. Oocyte survival rates are somewhat lower, approximately 85 to 95 percent. Sperm freezing has variable survival depending on initial quality. There is no demonstrated time limit on the viability of properly stored frozen embryos. Annual storage fees typically range from 500 to 1500 dollars.
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This content defines terminology for educational orientation. It does not constitute medical advice.
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